Digital Image Processing Using Scilab Pdf -

// Closing (dilation followed by erosion) closed = imclose(binary, se); 8.1 Simple Thresholding // Global threshold threshold = 120; segmented = gray_img > threshold; imshow(segmented); 8.2 Otsu’s Thresholding // Compute Otsu threshold automatically [level, intensity] = otsu_thresh(gray_img); bw_otsu = gray_img > level; 8.3 Connected Components Labeling [labeled_img, num_objects] = bwlabel(bw_otsu); disp("Number of objects detected: " + string(num_objects)); 9. Fourier Transform for Frequency Domain Processing // Compute FFT F = fft2(double(gray_img)); F_shifted = fftshift(F); // Magnitude spectrum magnitude = log(abs(F_shifted) + 1); imshow(magnitude, []);

// Install SIVP from ATOMS (Scilab’s package manager) atomsInstall("SIVP") // Restart Scilab after installation // Load the toolbox exec("SCI/modules/sivp/macros/sivp_loader.sce", -1) Alternatively, use core functions ( imread , imshow , imwrite ) available in recent Scilab versions. 3.1 Read, Display, and Write Images // Read an image img = imread('camera.jpg'); // Display image imshow(img); digital image processing using scilab pdf

// Apply filter F_filtered = F_shifted .* H; F_restored = ifftshift(F_filtered); filtered_img = abs(ifft2(F_restored)); imshow(uint8(filtered_img)); // Full image processing pipeline function processed = process_image(path) // 1. Read img = imread(path); // 2. Convert to grayscale if size(img, 3) == 3 img = rgb2gray(img); end // Closing (dilation followed by erosion) closed =

// Threshold to create binary image binary = gray_img > 128; // Structuring element (disk of radius 3) se = [0 1 0; 1 1 1; 0 1 0]; Read img = imread(path); // 2

// Get image dimensions (rows, cols, channels) size(img) gray_img = rgb2gray(img); imshow(gray_img); 3.3 Access and Modify Pixels // Access pixel at row 100, column 150 pixel = img(100, 150, :); // Set a region of interest to black img(50:100, 50:100, :) = 0; 4. Image Enhancement 4.1 Histogram Equalization Improves contrast by spreading intensity values.

// Opening (erosion followed by dilation) opened = imopen(binary, se);