Torture Academy-: -tickle

: A collection of research papers discussing how professional groups (including medical and psychological) have historically been involved in "cruel interrogation" practices. Legal and Ethical Frameworks For papers regarding the legal definition

of extreme methods, these sources discuss similar "academy" structures: Rationalizing Torture through Professionalization -tickle torture academy-

that outlines the four required elements for a practice to be legally ruled as torture: severe pain/suffering, intentionality, specific purpose, and official capacity. Theorizing about Torture : A paper from the Institute for Advanced Study : A collection of research papers discussing how

: Jonathan H. Marks examines the "tragic temptation" to implement these methods in modern national security contexts. Healers or Interrogators Marks examines the "tragic temptation" to implement these

: This paper explores how "torture techniques" (including physical and psychological stress) were standardized and rationalized within institutional frameworks. The Logic and Language of Torture

: The foundational international legal document that defines torture and the responsibilities of states to prevent it. Defining Torture Fact Sheet : A resource from the Danish Institute Against Torture (DIGNITY)

of what constitutes torture (which often includes "cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment" that may not leave physical marks), you can refer to: The Convention against Torture (CAT)