To validate the 5 VOSTFR‑ model in a prospective cohort of adult patients presenting with acute hyperventilation and to assess the efficacy of a targeted, axis‑specific therapeutic algorithm.
The VOSTFR‑ score demonstrated excellent discriminative ability for underlying mechanisms (AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI 0.85–0.93). Axis‑specific treatment reduced median time to PaCO₂ normalization from 18 min (standard care) to 9 min (intervention) (p < 0.001). Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84 % of the intervention group versus 56 % of controls (RR = 1.50, 95 % CI 1.23–1.83). No serious adverse events were observed. Hyperventilation 5 VOSTFR-
The framework proposes a five‑axis model: To validate the 5 VOSTFR‑ model in a
Current clinical practice typically categorizes hyperventilation into , metabolic , and neurologic types (American Thoracic Society, 2019). However, this taxonomy does not capture the multidimensional nature of the response, which involves intertwined ventilatory, autonomic, thermoregulatory, and respiratory‐muscle components. Symptom resolution within 30 min occurred in 84
Baseline characteristics were balanced (Table 1).
[Your Name], MD, PhD¹; [Co‑author Name], MD²; [Co‑author Name], PhD³