The Government of India Act, 1935, was adopted as the interim constitution of Pakistan, with Jinnah as the Governor-General. The Constituent Assembly, elected in 1946, was tasked with framing a constitution for the new country. However, the assembly faced significant challenges, including the integration of princely states, the rehabilitation of refugees, and the establishment of a stable administrative system.
In 2008, the PPP, led by Asif Ali Zardari, won general elections. However, the government's performance was marred by corruption scandals and policy paralysis. In 2013, the PML(N), led by Nawaz Sharif, won general elections, and Sharif became the Prime Minister.
In 1977, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq seized power, imposing the third martial law in Pakistan's history. Zia's rule was characterized by Islamization, military rule, and human rights abuses. He introduced the Hudood Ordinances, which made blasphemy a capital offense, and enforced a strict Islamic code.