| System | (I_sp) (s) | Thrust (N) | Storage Hazard | |--------|--------------|------------|----------------| | Chemical | (300-450) | (10^7) | Low | | Nuclear Thermal | (900) | (10^6) | Medium | | Ion Drive | (3,000) | (10) | Low | | Antimatter | (10^7) | (10^5) | Extreme | | | (2.4 \times 10^7) | (10^7) | Extreme (but passive) |
The emitted Hawking radiation (predominantly gamma rays at ( T \sim 10^11 , K ) for ( M = 10^6 ) kg) is absorbed by a tungsten-lithium heat exchanger, driving a closed-cycle Brayton turbine. The relativistic jets (from superradiance) are collimated by external magnetic nozzles to produce thrust. black hole injector
A. J. Vance, L. M. Chen Affiliation: Institute for Advanced Propulsion Studies, Caltech / MIT (Hypothetical) | System | (I_sp) (s) | Thrust (N)
| Parameter | Value | Unit | |-----------|-------|------| | BH Mass | ( 10^6 ) | kg | | Schwarzschild Radius | ( 1.48 \times 10^-21 ) | m | | Hawking Temperature | ( 1.2 \times 10^11 ) | K | | Thrust (at 1 kg/s injection) | ( 2.4 \times 10^7 ) | N | | Specific Impulse ((I_sp)) | ( 2.4 \times 10^7 ) | s | | Power-to-Weight Ratio | ( \sim 10^6 ) | W/kg | necessitating failsafe detachment systems.
If ( M_BH < M_\textcritical \approx 10^11 , \textkg ), the Hawking radiation power exceeds the Eddington limit, causing rapid evaporation. For our ( 10^6 ) kg BH, evaporation time without refueling is: [ t_\textevap = \frac5120 \pi G^2 M^3\hbar c^4 \approx 4.5 \times 10^7 , \texts , (\approx 1.4 , \textyears) ] Thus, continuous fuel injection is mandatory. A feedback loop adjusts injection rate to maintain ( \dotM \approx 0 ). Failure leads to an explosion equivalent to ( 10^6 ) kg converting to energy — a 20 Gigaton blast, necessitating failsafe detachment systems.